{"id":1697,"date":"2025-10-22T17:15:27","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T09:15:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tioxhua.com\/?p=1697"},"modified":"2025-10-22T17:15:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T09:15:27","slug":"steel-power-pole-specifications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sunpluspro.com\/pt\/steel-power-pole-specifications\/","title":{"rendered":"Especifica\u00e7\u00f5es do poste de energia em a\u00e7o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Um poste de energia em a\u00e7o devidamente especificado \u00e9 um elemento estrutural concebido para responder a cargas definidas de vento, gelo, el\u00e9ctricas e mec\u00e2nicas, proporcionando simultaneamente uma longa vida \u00fatil atrav\u00e9s de uma sele\u00e7\u00e3o adequada de materiais, fabrico, revestimento protetor, conce\u00e7\u00e3o da funda\u00e7\u00e3o e controlo de qualidade. Os requisitos essenciais combinam crit\u00e9rios de conce\u00e7\u00e3o estrutural de normas civis e el\u00e9ctricas, a\u00e7o e soldaduras de qualidade ASTM, geometria e padr\u00f5es de furos controlados e sistemas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra a corros\u00e3o que, em conjunto, produzem um desempenho previs\u00edvel e um baixo custo de vida \u00fatil.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1985\">Os postes de a\u00e7o para fornecimento de energia desempenham duas fun\u00e7\u00f5es interligadas: fornecem um suporte estrutural duradouro para condutores e equipamento e fazem parte do sistema energizado que deve satisfazer os requisitos de folgas el\u00e9ctricas, liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra e acesso. As aplica\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00edpicas incluem linhas de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o (at\u00e9 \u00e0 m\u00e9dia tens\u00e3o), monopolos de transmiss\u00e3o e estruturas em H, ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica e de \u00e1reas e suportes de telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es. Por conseguinte, uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o deve descrever o \u00e2mbito, as normas exigidas, a classe mec\u00e2nica, os acess\u00f3rios el\u00e9ctricos, o acabamento da superf\u00edcie, os ensaios, a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o e as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de entrega.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1699\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1699\" style=\"width: 511px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1699\" src=\"http:\/\/www.tioxhua.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/thb9l-vmiek.webp\" alt=\"Poste de a\u00e7o\" width=\"511\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sunpluspro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/thb9l-vmiek.webp 511w, https:\/\/www.sunpluspro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/thb9l-vmiek-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.sunpluspro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/thb9l-vmiek-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1699\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poste de a\u00e7o<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 data-start=\"1992\" data-end=\"2039\">C\u00f3digos e crit\u00e9rios de desempenho aplic\u00e1veis<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2667\">Uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3lida enumera as normas que as regem e referencia-as quando s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios limites precisos ou m\u00e9todos de ensaio. Para postes el\u00e9ctricos de a\u00e7o, as refer\u00eancias comuns incluem os guias de design da Sociedade Americana de Engenheiros Civis, o C\u00f3digo Nacional de Seguran\u00e7a El\u00e9ctrica para folgas el\u00e9ctricas m\u00ednimas, as normas ASTM para tipos de a\u00e7o e revestimentos, documentos AWS para soldadura e crit\u00e9rios reconhecidos de classe de postes ANSI que fornecem m\u00e9tricas de carga comparativas. As empresas de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos incorporam frequentemente estas refer\u00eancias na linguagem contratual e adaptam as cargas de vento e gelo aos requisitos da jurisdi\u00e7\u00e3o local.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2669\" data-end=\"2718\">Requisitos-chave de desempenho a declarar explicitamente:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2719\" data-end=\"3079\">\n<li data-start=\"2719\" data-end=\"2762\">\n<p data-start=\"2721\" data-end=\"2762\">Velocidade do vento de projeto e categoria de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2763\" data-end=\"2815\">\n<p data-start=\"2765\" data-end=\"2815\">Espessura do gelo e carga radial de gelo, se aplic\u00e1vel<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"2906\">\n<p data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2906\">Configura\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9ctrica: espa\u00e7amento entre fases, neutro, fios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, bra\u00e7os cruzados, acess\u00f3rios<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2907\" data-end=\"3003\">\n<p data-start=\"2909\" data-end=\"3003\">Capacidade de momento \u00faltimo a uma dist\u00e2ncia especificada do topo do poste ou no ponto de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3004\" data-end=\"3079\">\n<p data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3079\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre fadiga e vibra\u00e7\u00e3o para v\u00e3os longos ou estruturas tangentes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3081\" data-end=\"3352\">Nota sobre a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos postes: muitos fabricantes e empresas de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos mapeiam a capacidade dos postes de a\u00e7o para ANSI O5.1 ou classes equivalentes de postes de madeira utilizando uma abordagem de carga\/momento de ponta, permitindo a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o direta em planos que assumem uma classe de postes de madeira.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3359\" data-end=\"3410\">Materiais, metalurgia e m\u00e9todos de fabrico<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3411\" data-end=\"3628\">A sele\u00e7\u00e3o do material determina a resist\u00eancia, a soldabilidade e o comportamento \u00e0 corros\u00e3o. As escolhas mais comuns incluem a\u00e7os estruturais laminados a quente produzidos de acordo com as especifica\u00e7\u00f5es ASTM para tubos ou chapas estruturais. As disposi\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00edpicas abrangem:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"4463\">\n<li data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"3738\">\n<p data-start=\"3632\" data-end=\"3738\">A\u00e7o de base: tipos estruturais de baixa liga e alta resist\u00eancia que satisfazem as propriedades especificadas de rendimento e tra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3739\" data-end=\"4011\">\n<p data-start=\"3741\" data-end=\"4011\">Fabrico de tubos ou de cascas c\u00f3nicas: as sec\u00e7\u00f5es tubulares sem soldadura ou soldadas s\u00e3o formadas, c\u00f3nicas e unidas por m\u00e9todos de mangas, flanges ou estrias. Quando unidos, os comprimentos de sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o e os pormenores de soldadura s\u00e3o dimensionados para manter a capacidade da sec\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4012\" data-end=\"4251\">\n<p data-start=\"4014\" data-end=\"4251\">Parafusos e ferragens: especificar os tipos de parafusos (A325, A354, A490 ou equivalentes), porcas, anilhas e dispositivos anti-rota\u00e7\u00e3o. Utilizar porcas de bloqueio ou dispositivos de bin\u00e1rio predominante para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es sujeitas a vibra\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4252\" data-end=\"4463\">\n<p data-start=\"4254\" data-end=\"4463\">Soldadura: requer procedimentos e soldadores qualificados pela AWS. Incluir pr\u00e9-aquecimento, classifica\u00e7\u00e3o do metal de adi\u00e7\u00e3o e crit\u00e9rios de inspe\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00f3s-soldadura, tais como testes visuais, de part\u00edculas magn\u00e9ticas ou ultra-s\u00f3nicos para soldaduras cr\u00edticas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4465\" data-end=\"4722\">As toler\u00e2ncias de fabrico e a concentricidade s\u00e3o importantes porque a geometria do poste controla a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 encurvadura e o comportamento de eleva\u00e7\u00e3o. A especifica\u00e7\u00e3o deve definir as toler\u00e2ncias dimensionais aceit\u00e1veis, a toler\u00e2ncia de localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos furos e a continuidade do revestimento nas juntas.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1698\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1698\" style=\"width: 920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1698\" src=\"http:\/\/www.tioxhua.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/t334e-n5p20.webp\" alt=\"Especifica\u00e7\u00f5es do poste de energia em a\u00e7o\" width=\"920\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sunpluspro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/t334e-n5p20.webp 920w, https:\/\/www.sunpluspro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/t334e-n5p20-300x230.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.sunpluspro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/t334e-n5p20-768x588.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1698\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Especifica\u00e7\u00f5es do poste de energia em a\u00e7o<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 data-start=\"4729\" data-end=\"4783\">Casos de carga, classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e par\u00e2metros de projeto<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4784\" data-end=\"4942\">Os engenheiros projectam os postes contra m\u00faltiplos estados limite. A especifica\u00e7\u00e3o deve definir as combina\u00e7\u00f5es de carga e os factores de seguran\u00e7a necess\u00e1rios. Os casos de carga t\u00edpicos incluem:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4944\" data-end=\"5424\">\n<li data-start=\"4944\" data-end=\"5016\">\n<p data-start=\"4946\" data-end=\"5016\">Cargas mortas: peso pr\u00f3prio do poste, dos suportes e das fixa\u00e7\u00f5es permanentes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5017\" data-end=\"5094\">\n<p data-start=\"5019\" data-end=\"5094\">Cargas vivas: peso do condutor, conjuntos de isoladores e cargas de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5181\">\n<p data-start=\"5097\" data-end=\"5181\">Cargas de vento: no poste e no equipamento montado; utilizar a velocidade do vento e a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00f3digo local.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5182\" data-end=\"5257\">\n<p data-start=\"5184\" data-end=\"5257\">Cargas de gelo: acre\u00e7\u00e3o de gelo radial ou cordal multiplicada pela press\u00e3o do vento.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5258\" data-end=\"5358\">\n<p data-start=\"5260\" data-end=\"5358\">Cargas de curto-circuito e electromagn\u00e9ticas: para estruturas de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o que suportam equipamentos protegidos por fus\u00edveis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5359\" data-end=\"5424\">\n<p data-start=\"5361\" data-end=\"5424\">Cargas de impacto ou de colis\u00e3o de ve\u00edculos para instala\u00e7\u00f5es na berma da estrada.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5426\" data-end=\"5521\">Dois par\u00e2metros num\u00e9ricos de conce\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o frequentemente especificados e utilizados pelos compradores para comparar os fabricantes:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5522\" data-end=\"6111\">\n<li data-start=\"5522\" data-end=\"5830\">\n<p data-start=\"5525\" data-end=\"5830\"><strong data-start=\"5525\" data-end=\"5571\">Carga de ponta e momento equivalente da linha de terra<\/strong>For\u00e7a horizontal: uma for\u00e7a horizontal colocada a uma dist\u00e2ncia fixa do topo (geralmente 2 p\u00e9s) que produz o momento m\u00ednimo necess\u00e1rio acima de um ponto de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o definido. Este m\u00e9todo est\u00e1 em conformidade com a pr\u00e1tica de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o ANSI O5.1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5831\" data-end=\"6111\">\n<p data-start=\"5834\" data-end=\"6111\"><strong data-start=\"5834\" data-end=\"5882\">Capacidade de momento \u00faltimo num local fixo<\/strong>Carga de ponta: frequentemente indicada a 5 p\u00e9s do topo ou no ponto de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o. Os documentos da RUS e dos servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos fornecem normalmente tabelas que associam as classes de postes \u00e0s capacidades m\u00ednimas de momento e \u00e0s cargas horizontais nas pontas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"6113\" data-end=\"6383\">Os projectistas devem especificar se o poste ser\u00e1 analisado apenas para cargas de flex\u00e3o ou para cargas axiais e de flex\u00e3o combinadas. Para monop\u00f3los altos e estruturas de transmiss\u00e3o, a capacidade do momento de base, a an\u00e1lise de encurvadura e os pressupostos do projeto da funda\u00e7\u00e3o devem ser inclu\u00eddos no contrato.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"6390\" data-end=\"6452\">Geometrias t\u00edpicas, dimens\u00f5es e tabela de refer\u00eancia r\u00e1pida<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6453\" data-end=\"6875\">Os postes de a\u00e7o s\u00e3o oferecidos em sec\u00e7\u00f5es c\u00f3nicas redondas, c\u00f3nicas multifacetadas (octogonais) e sec\u00e7\u00f5es rectas de parede lisa. Os tamanhos variam consoante a altura e a classe de carga. Abaixo encontra-se uma tabela de refer\u00eancia concisa que apresenta di\u00e2metros exteriores e espessuras de parede representativos para alturas comuns de postes de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o e transmiss\u00e3o. Utilize-a como ponto de partida; as dimens\u00f5es finais devem ser verificadas por c\u00e1lculos estruturais adaptados \u00e0s cargas especificadas.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"7868\">\n<thead data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"7019\">\n<tr data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"7019\">\n<th data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"6889\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tipo de poste<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6889\" data-end=\"6915\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Altura nominal (ft \/ m)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6915\" data-end=\"6942\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Di\u00e2metro externo superior t\u00edpico (mm \/ in)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6942\" data-end=\"6970\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Di\u00e2metro externo t\u00edpico da base (mm \/ in)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6970\" data-end=\"7005\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Espessura t\u00edpica da parede (mm \/ in)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7005\" data-end=\"7019\" data-col-size=\"md\">Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o comum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"7050\" data-end=\"7868\">\n<tr data-start=\"7050\" data-end=\"7218\">\n<td data-start=\"7050\" data-end=\"7080\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Redondo c\u00f3nico, distribui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7080\" data-end=\"7100\">6-12 m (20-40 p\u00e9s)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7100\" data-end=\"7124\">60-90 mm (2,4-3,5 in)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7124\" data-end=\"7149\">90-180 mm (3,5-7,0 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7149\" data-end=\"7177\">2,3-4,0 mm (0,09-0,16 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"7177\" data-end=\"7218\">Ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica de baixa tens\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7219\" data-end=\"7399\">\n<td data-start=\"7219\" data-end=\"7256\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Redondo c\u00f3nico, distribui\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dia<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7256\" data-end=\"7277\" data-col-size=\"sm\">40-70 p\u00e9s (12-21 m)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7277\" data-end=\"7302\" data-col-size=\"sm\">90-140 mm (3,5-5,5 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7302\" data-end=\"7329\" data-col-size=\"sm\">180-305 mm (7,0-12,0 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7329\" data-end=\"7357\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3,5-6,4 mm (0,14-0,25 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7357\" data-end=\"7399\" data-col-size=\"md\">Linhas de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, pequenos transformadores<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7400\" data-end=\"7587\">\n<td data-start=\"7400\" data-end=\"7440\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Octogonal c\u00f3nico, distribui\u00e7\u00e3o pesada<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7440\" data-end=\"7461\" data-col-size=\"sm\">17-29 m (55-95 p\u00e9s)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7485\" data-col-size=\"sm\">100-160 mm (4-6,3 in)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7485\" data-end=\"7512\" data-col-size=\"sm\">250-400 mm (9,8-15,7 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7512\" data-end=\"7540\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4,0-8,0 mm (0,16-0,31 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7540\" data-end=\"7587\" data-col-size=\"md\">Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o mais pesada e transmiss\u00e3o de luz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7588\" data-end=\"7746\">\n<td data-start=\"7588\" data-end=\"7612\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Monopolo de transmiss\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7612\" data-end=\"7634\">60-150 p\u00e9s (18-46 m)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7634\" data-end=\"7657\">150-300 mm (6-12 in)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7657\" data-end=\"7685\">400-900 mm (15,7-35,4 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7685\" data-end=\"7712\">6,4-16 mm (0,25-0,63 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"7712\" data-end=\"7746\">V\u00e3os unipolares de alta tens\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7747\" data-end=\"7868\">\n<td data-start=\"7747\" data-end=\"7765\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Estrutura em H (a\u00e7o)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7765\" data-end=\"7774\">Varia<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7774\" data-end=\"7783\">Personalizado<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7783\" data-end=\"7792\">Personalizado<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7792\" data-end=\"7819\">6,4-19 mm (0,25-0,75 pol.)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7868\">Quadros de dois p\u00f3los que suportam uma transmiss\u00e3o pesada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"7870\" data-end=\"8108\">Esta tabela fornece intervalos aproximados. Os fabricantes publicam normalmente tabelas de carga que mapeiam a geometria do poste para ANSI ou n\u00fameros de classe de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos, permitindo a sele\u00e7\u00e3o por carga de ponta necess\u00e1ria ou capacidade de momento.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"8115\" data-end=\"8161\">Sistemas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e controlo da corros\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"8162\" data-end=\"8273\">Uma longa vida \u00fatil depende de um revestimento projetado ou de uma barreira metal\u00fargica. Os sistemas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o mais comuns incluem:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8275\" data-end=\"9157\">\n<li data-start=\"8275\" data-end=\"8627\">\n<p data-start=\"8277\" data-end=\"8627\"><strong data-start=\"8277\" data-end=\"8300\">Galvaniza\u00e7\u00e3o por imers\u00e3o a quente<\/strong> aplicado ap\u00f3s o fabrico de acordo com os requisitos de espessura da AASHTO\/ASTM. Este m\u00e9todo proporciona uma camada de zinco metal\u00fargico que adere ao a\u00e7o e produz uma cobertura uniforme, incluindo arestas e soldaduras quando devidamente detalhadas. Especificar a espessura m\u00ednima do revestimento medida em peso por \u00e1rea ou em microns.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8628\" data-end=\"8874\">\n<p data-start=\"8630\" data-end=\"8874\"><strong data-start=\"8630\" data-end=\"8658\">Sistemas de prim\u00e1rios e tintas<\/strong> para prote\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e9tica ou extra em ambientes costeiros ou industriais agressivos. Quando s\u00e3o utilizados sistemas de pintura, \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma prepara\u00e7\u00e3o da superf\u00edcie com o grau de limpeza especificado, seguida das pel\u00edculas de prim\u00e1rio e de acabamento especificadas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8875\" data-end=\"8985\">\n<p data-start=\"8877\" data-end=\"8985\"><strong data-start=\"8877\" data-end=\"8919\">Sistemas cat\u00f3dicos ou \u00e2nodos de sacrif\u00edcio<\/strong> s\u00e3o ocasionalmente utilizados em bases enterradas ou instala\u00e7\u00f5es em caixot\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8986\" data-end=\"9157\">\n<p data-start=\"8988\" data-end=\"9157\"><strong data-start=\"8988\" data-end=\"9009\">Veda\u00e7\u00e3o de juntas<\/strong> e tampas das extremidades: os postes devem ser selados no topo e nas juntas de fabrico para evitar a entrada de \u00e1gua, que pode acelerar a corros\u00e3o de dentro para fora.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"9159\" data-end=\"9190\">Elementos de especifica\u00e7\u00e3o a incluir:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9191\" data-end=\"9366\">\n<li data-start=\"9191\" data-end=\"9243\">\n<p data-start=\"9193\" data-end=\"9243\">Refer\u00eancias \u00e0s especifica\u00e7\u00f5es do revestimento e crit\u00e9rios de aceita\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9244\" data-end=\"9298\">\n<p data-start=\"9246\" data-end=\"9298\">Procedimentos de repara\u00e7\u00e3o para \u00e1reas de revestimento danificadas no terreno.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9299\" data-end=\"9366\">\n<p data-start=\"9301\" data-end=\"9366\">Tratamento da zona de soldadura para assegurar a continuidade da camada protetora.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"9368\" data-end=\"9556\">O acabamento galvanizado por imers\u00e3o a quente \u00e9 amplamente utilizado para postes de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o e transmiss\u00e3o porque combina economia, resist\u00eancia e desempenho a longo prazo.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"9563\" data-end=\"9614\">Funda\u00e7\u00f5es, ancoragem e notas de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"9615\" data-end=\"9828\">A especifica\u00e7\u00e3o estrutural deve ser coordenada com o projeto geot\u00e9cnico e de funda\u00e7\u00f5es. Os tipos de funda\u00e7\u00e3o mais comuns s\u00e3o o poste embutido, o caixot\u00e3o de bet\u00e3o e a flange aparafusada sobre sapata moldada no local. Elementos chave a considerar:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9830\" data-end=\"10739\">\n<li data-start=\"9830\" data-end=\"10147\">\n<p data-start=\"9832\" data-end=\"10147\"><strong data-start=\"9832\" data-end=\"9851\">Profundidade de embutimento<\/strong>A altura do poste \u00e9 normalmente uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o da altura do poste e do solo local; os documentos de projeto utilizam frequentemente regras de ponto de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o (por exemplo, 7% do comprimento do poste a partir da base para algumas convers\u00f5es) ao fazer corresponder classes equivalentes de madeira. Confirme os requisitos de compacta\u00e7\u00e3o de embutimento e aterro.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10148\" data-end=\"10374\">\n<p data-start=\"10150\" data-end=\"10374\"><strong data-start=\"10150\" data-end=\"10176\">Caixot\u00e3o e placa de base<\/strong>Definir o tamanho da placa de base, o c\u00edrculo dos parafusos, o padr\u00e3o dos parafusos de ancoragem e as toler\u00e2ncias dos furos. Fornecer modelos de parafusos de ancoragem com sobredimensionamento permitido para permitir o alinhamento.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10375\" data-end=\"10539\">\n<p data-start=\"10377\" data-end=\"10539\"><strong data-start=\"10377\" data-end=\"10402\">Betuma\u00e7\u00e3o e drenagem<\/strong>: especificar uma argamassa n\u00e3o retr\u00e1til entre a placa de base e a funda\u00e7\u00e3o e prever uma drenagem para evitar a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1gua \u00e0 volta da base ou no interior do caix\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10540\" data-end=\"10739\">\n<p data-start=\"10542\" data-end=\"10739\"><strong data-start=\"10542\" data-end=\"10566\">Eleva\u00e7\u00e3o e manuseamento<\/strong>: indicar os pontos de amarra\u00e7\u00e3o recomendados e os locais de eleva\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e1xima para proteger as sec\u00e7\u00f5es estruturais; indicar se os postes s\u00e3o expedidos em sec\u00e7\u00f5es de v\u00e1rias pe\u00e7as que exijam uni\u00f5es no terreno.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10741\" data-end=\"10926\">Incluir um ap\u00eandice de instala\u00e7\u00e3o que descreva os valores de bin\u00e1rio para os parafusos de ancoragem, a sequ\u00eancia de montagem para postes de v\u00e1rias pe\u00e7as, o local de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o do condutor de liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra e os requisitos de liga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"10933\" data-end=\"10980\">Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o, ensaios e garantia de qualidade<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"10981\" data-end=\"11051\">Uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o deve estabelecer um m\u00ednimo de QA\/QC. Os itens t\u00edpicos incluem:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"11053\" data-end=\"11680\">\n<li data-start=\"11053\" data-end=\"11127\">\n<p data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11127\"><strong data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11076\">Relat\u00f3rios de ensaios de moinhos<\/strong> para os resultados dos ensaios qu\u00edmicos e mec\u00e2nicos do a\u00e7o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11128\" data-end=\"11194\">\n<p data-start=\"11130\" data-end=\"11194\"><strong data-start=\"11130\" data-end=\"11156\">Controlo dimensional<\/strong> das unidades fornecidas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos desenhos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11195\" data-end=\"11298\">\n<p data-start=\"11197\" data-end=\"11298\"><strong data-start=\"11197\" data-end=\"11216\">Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o de soldaduras<\/strong>: ensaios visuais, de penetra\u00e7\u00e3o de corantes, de part\u00edculas magn\u00e9ticas ou ultra-s\u00f3nicos, quando necess\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11299\" data-end=\"11415\">\n<p data-start=\"11301\" data-end=\"11415\"><strong data-start=\"11301\" data-end=\"11323\">Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o do revestimento<\/strong>: medem a espessura em v\u00e1rios pontos, testes de ader\u00eancia e dete\u00e7\u00e3o de feriados para revestimentos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11416\" data-end=\"11578\">\n<p data-start=\"11418\" data-end=\"11578\"><strong data-start=\"11418\" data-end=\"11432\">Ensaios de carga<\/strong>: alguns contratos de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos exigem testes de prova de amostras de postes ou testes \u00e0 escala real ou de componentes; outros baseiam-se em c\u00e1lculos e em dados certificados da f\u00e1brica.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11579\" data-end=\"11680\">\n<p data-start=\"11581\" data-end=\"11680\"><strong data-start=\"11581\" data-end=\"11598\">Documenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>A entrega deve incluir desenhos, certificados, relat\u00f3rios de ensaio e uma lista de controlo de garantia de qualidade.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"11682\" data-end=\"11763\">Um protocolo de aceita\u00e7\u00e3o prescritivo reduz a ambiguidade e acelera a aceita\u00e7\u00e3o no terreno.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"11770\" data-end=\"11824\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre log\u00edstica, manuseamento e ciclo de vida<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"11825\" data-end=\"11955\">Os postes de a\u00e7o s\u00e3o mais leves e mais uniformes do que os de madeira, o que simplifica o transporte e reduz os res\u00edduos. Incluir estas cl\u00e1usulas comerciais:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"11957\" data-end=\"12480\">\n<li data-start=\"11957\" data-end=\"12085\">\n<p data-start=\"11959\" data-end=\"12085\"><strong data-start=\"11959\" data-end=\"11982\">Embalagem e marca\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o: prote\u00e7\u00e3o pormenorizada das extremidades, grava\u00e7\u00e3o dos n\u00fameros de pe\u00e7a, orienta\u00e7\u00e3o de manuseamento e limites de comprimento de transporte.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12086\" data-end=\"12199\">\n<p data-start=\"12088\" data-end=\"12199\"><strong data-start=\"12088\" data-end=\"12099\">Armazenamento<\/strong>: recomenda-se a armazenagem coberta sobre patins de madeira, para manter os postes afastados do solo e proteger as extremidades cortadas e o revestimento.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12200\" data-end=\"12379\">\n<p data-start=\"12202\" data-end=\"12379\"><strong data-start=\"12202\" data-end=\"12226\">Projec\u00e7\u00f5es ao longo da vida<\/strong>: fornecer hip\u00f3teses de taxa de corros\u00e3o para as partes enterradas e acima do solo e intervalos de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o esperados para os revestimentos em ambientes especificados.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12380\" data-end=\"12480\">\n<p data-start=\"12382\" data-end=\"12480\"><strong data-start=\"12382\" data-end=\"12397\">Pe\u00e7as de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>: especificar o fornecimento de kits de ferragens sobressalentes, parafusos de ancoragem sobressalentes e tabelas de bin\u00e1rios de aperto dos parafusos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"12482\" data-end=\"12619\">Os fabricantes fornecem normalmente tabelas de carga dos postes juntamente com a entrega, para que os engenheiros no terreno possam confirmar a sele\u00e7\u00e3o em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de constru\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"12626\" data-end=\"12679\">Quest\u00f5es ambientais, de seguran\u00e7a e de compatibilidade<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"12680\" data-end=\"12735\">Abordar as exposi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais e a integra\u00e7\u00e3o da seguran\u00e7a:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"12737\" data-end=\"13295\">\n<li data-start=\"12737\" data-end=\"12874\">\n<p data-start=\"12739\" data-end=\"12874\"><strong data-start=\"12739\" data-end=\"12771\">Exposi\u00e7\u00e3o costeira ou qu\u00edmica<\/strong>: requerem revestimentos mais pesados ou sistemas duplex (galvaniza\u00e7\u00e3o e pintura) para ambientes ricos em cloretos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12875\" data-end=\"13006\">\n<p data-start=\"12877\" data-end=\"13006\"><strong data-start=\"12877\" data-end=\"12909\">Prote\u00e7\u00e3o das aves e da vida selvagem<\/strong>: especificar protec\u00e7\u00f5es para aves, desincentivadores de poleiros de aves de rapina ou coberturas isoladas para os percursos com risco de vida selvagem.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13007\" data-end=\"13168\">\n<p data-start=\"13009\" data-end=\"13168\"><strong data-start=\"13009\" data-end=\"13056\">Compatibilidade electromagn\u00e9tica e liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra<\/strong>: assegurar que os pormenores de liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra cumprem o c\u00f3digo el\u00e9trico; prever pontos de liga\u00e7\u00e3o e zonas de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o de raios.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13169\" data-end=\"13295\">\n<p data-start=\"13171\" data-end=\"13295\"><strong data-start=\"13171\" data-end=\"13189\">Seguran\u00e7a rodovi\u00e1ria<\/strong>Para as instala\u00e7\u00f5es na berma da estrada, definir o equipamento de separa\u00e7\u00e3o se a regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o local exigir a atenua\u00e7\u00e3o da colis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"13297\" data-end=\"13409\">A seguran\u00e7a durante o fabrico e a montagem deve ser assegurada pelo empreiteiro e documentada nas instru\u00e7\u00f5es de m\u00e9todo.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"14384\" data-end=\"14439\">Anexo t\u00e9cnico - exemplo de lista de controlo das especifica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"14440\" data-end=\"14510\">Utilize esta lista de controlo quando preparar documentos de concurso ou ordens de compra.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"14512\" data-end=\"14532\"><strong data-start=\"14512\" data-end=\"14532\">Parte 1 - Geral<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"14533\" data-end=\"14700\">\n<li data-start=\"14533\" data-end=\"14605\">\n<p data-start=\"14535\" data-end=\"14605\">\u00c2mbito e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o definidos (distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, transporte, ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14606\" data-end=\"14653\">\n<p data-start=\"14608\" data-end=\"14653\">Normas aplic\u00e1veis e c\u00f3digos locais listados<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14654\" data-end=\"14700\">\n<p data-start=\"14656\" data-end=\"14700\">Calend\u00e1rio de entrega e requisitos de embalagem<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"14702\" data-end=\"14724\"><strong data-start=\"14702\" data-end=\"14724\">Parte 2 - Materiais<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"14725\" data-end=\"14904\">\n<li data-start=\"14725\" data-end=\"14776\">\n<p data-start=\"14727\" data-end=\"14776\">Classe de a\u00e7o e propriedades mec\u00e2nicas especificadas<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14777\" data-end=\"14852\">\n<p data-start=\"14779\" data-end=\"14852\">\u00c9 necess\u00e1ria a especifica\u00e7\u00e3o do procedimento de soldadura (WPS) e a qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o do soldador<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14853\" data-end=\"14904\">\n<p data-start=\"14855\" data-end=\"14904\">Classes de parafusos especificadas (equivalentes a A325\/A490)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"14906\" data-end=\"14930\"><strong data-start=\"14906\" data-end=\"14930\">Parte 3 - Fabrico<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"14931\" data-end=\"15085\">\n<li data-start=\"14931\" data-end=\"14995\">\n<p data-start=\"14933\" data-end=\"14995\">Geometria da sec\u00e7\u00e3o, conicidade, incrementos de comprimento e pormenores das juntas<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14996\" data-end=\"15056\">\n<p data-start=\"14998\" data-end=\"15056\">Padr\u00e3o de furos, localiza\u00e7\u00e3o da almofada de liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra e pontos de eleva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15057\" data-end=\"15085\">\n<p data-start=\"15059\" data-end=\"15085\">Veda\u00e7\u00e3o superior e pormenor da tampa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"15087\" data-end=\"15117\"><strong data-start=\"15087\" data-end=\"15117\">Parte 4 - Tratamento de superf\u00edcie<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"15118\" data-end=\"15269\">\n<li data-start=\"15118\" data-end=\"15175\">\n<p data-start=\"15120\" data-end=\"15175\">Norma de galvaniza\u00e7\u00e3o e massa m\u00ednima por \u00e1rea (g\/m\u00b2)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15176\" data-end=\"15230\">\n<p data-start=\"15178\" data-end=\"15230\">Sistema de pintura (se necess\u00e1rio) com espessura de pel\u00edcula seca<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15231\" data-end=\"15269\">\n<p data-start=\"15233\" data-end=\"15269\">Procedimentos de repara\u00e7\u00e3o de danos no revestimento<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"15271\" data-end=\"15309\"><strong data-start=\"15271\" data-end=\"15309\">Parte 5 - Ensaios e documenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"15310\" data-end=\"15483\">\n<li data-start=\"15310\" data-end=\"15368\">\n<p data-start=\"15312\" data-end=\"15368\">Certificados de ensaio do moinho e relat\u00f3rios de inspe\u00e7\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15369\" data-end=\"15433\">\n<p data-start=\"15371\" data-end=\"15433\">Requisitos de ensaios n\u00e3o destrutivos e crit\u00e9rios de aceita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15434\" data-end=\"15483\">\n<p data-start=\"15436\" data-end=\"15483\">Ensaio de prova de carga, se exigido pelo comprador<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"15485\" data-end=\"15525\"><strong data-start=\"15485\" data-end=\"15525\">Parte 6 - Instala\u00e7\u00e3o e funda\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"15526\" data-end=\"15657\">\n<li data-start=\"15526\" data-end=\"15564\">\n<p data-start=\"15528\" data-end=\"15564\">Padr\u00e3o e toler\u00e2ncias dos parafusos de ancoragem<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15565\" data-end=\"15621\">\n<p data-start=\"15567\" data-end=\"15621\">Profundidade de embutimento e requisitos de compacta\u00e7\u00e3o do aterro<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15622\" data-end=\"15657\">\n<p data-start=\"15624\" data-end=\"15657\">Instru\u00e7\u00f5es de aperto e colagem<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"15664\" data-end=\"15709\">FAQs<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"15711\" data-end=\"16118\"><strong data-start=\"15711\" data-end=\"15785\">1) Quais s\u00e3o as normas a que deve obedecer um poste de eletricidade em a\u00e7o para ser utilizado na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/strong><br data-start=\"15785\" data-end=\"15788\" \/>Especificar os c\u00f3digos civis e el\u00e9ctricos relevantes utilizados no projeto e exigir que o poste cumpra as orienta\u00e7\u00f5es estruturais da ASCE, as folgas m\u00ednimas da NESC e as normas de material e soldadura ASTM\/AWS. Incluir o mapeamento de classes de postes equivalentes \u00e0s ANSI se for necess\u00e1ria uma substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de um para um com classes de madeira.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"16120\" data-end=\"16489\"><strong data-start=\"16120\" data-end=\"16169\">2) Como \u00e9 que a classe de p\u00f3lo \u00e9 definida na pr\u00e1tica?<\/strong><br data-start=\"16169\" data-end=\"16172\" \/>Muitas empresas de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos utilizam uma carga de ponta colocada a uma dist\u00e2ncia definida do topo para definir a classe. Essa carga de ponta \u00e9 traduzida numa capacidade de momento \u00faltimo necess\u00e1ria num local especificado. Esta abordagem alinha-se com os comparadores de classe de postes utilizados na norma ANSI O5.1 e em documentos semelhantes das empresas de eletricidade.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"16491\" data-end=\"16867\"><strong data-start=\"16491\" data-end=\"16534\">3) Qual \u00e9 o revestimento mais comum e porqu\u00ea?<\/strong><br data-start=\"16534\" data-end=\"16537\" \/>A galvaniza\u00e7\u00e3o por imers\u00e3o a quente ap\u00f3s o fabrico \u00e9 comum porque produz uma cobertura de zinco metalurgicamente ligada, uma boa prote\u00e7\u00e3o das arestas e uma resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o duradoura para superf\u00edcies acima e abaixo do n\u00edvel do solo. Os sistemas duplex adicionam tinta para melhorar a est\u00e9tica ou para prote\u00e7\u00e3o adicional em atmosferas agressivas.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"16869\" data-end=\"17242\"><strong data-start=\"16869\" data-end=\"16921\">4) Quando \u00e9 que s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios postes com v\u00e1rias pe\u00e7as ou com flange?<\/strong><br data-start=\"16921\" data-end=\"16924\" \/>Os postes mais altos do que os comprimentos que podem ser transportados por cami\u00e3o ou aqueles em que a largura do transporte \u00e9 limitada s\u00e3o normalmente fornecidos em sec\u00e7\u00f5es de v\u00e1rias pe\u00e7as com juntas de flange ou mangas de uni\u00e3o. A especifica\u00e7\u00e3o deve definir a sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o das juntas, o grau e o bin\u00e1rio dos parafusos e a veda\u00e7\u00e3o para evitar a entrada de \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"17244\" data-end=\"17552\"><strong data-start=\"17244\" data-end=\"17288\">5) Como devem ser especificados os parafusos de ancoragem?<\/strong><br data-start=\"17288\" data-end=\"17291\" \/>Forne\u00e7a o grau do material dos parafusos de ancoragem, o engate da rosca, o tipo de porca\/arruela, as dimens\u00f5es do modelo e o tamanho excessivo permitido do furo. Incluir valores de torque e crit\u00e9rios de aceita\u00e7\u00e3o de ancoragem para \u00e2ncoras fundidas no local ou p\u00f3s-instaladas.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"17554\" data-end=\"17821\"><strong data-start=\"17554\" data-end=\"17605\">6) Que registos de ensaios deve o fornecedor entregar?<\/strong><br data-start=\"17605\" data-end=\"17608\" \/>Normalmente, incluem relat\u00f3rios de ensaios de laminagem, registos de procedimentos de soldadura, relat\u00f3rios NDT, leituras de espessura de revestimento e um relat\u00f3rio de inspe\u00e7\u00e3o dimensional. Acrescente um certificado de conformidade assinado com refer\u00eancia \u00e0 ordem de compra.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"17823\" data-end=\"18148\"><strong data-start=\"17823\" data-end=\"17874\">7) Os postes de a\u00e7o podem substituir diretamente os postes de madeira?<\/strong><br data-start=\"17874\" data-end=\"17877\" \/>Sim, quando a classe do poste de a\u00e7o \u00e9 igual ou superior \u00e0 classe do poste de madeira, utilizando crit\u00e9rios de carga de ponta ou de momento equivalentes. Assegurar que as folgas el\u00e9ctricas e as disposi\u00e7\u00f5es de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o verificadas porque a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o das ferragens e o di\u00e2metro do poste s\u00e3o diferentes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"18150\" data-end=\"18461\"><strong data-start=\"18150\" data-end=\"18202\">8) Quais s\u00e3o os modos de falha mais comuns e as medidas de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/strong><br data-start=\"18202\" data-end=\"18205\" \/>As falhas resultam da corros\u00e3o, da fadiga nas juntas soldadas, da conce\u00e7\u00e3o incorrecta das funda\u00e7\u00f5es e do impacto. A atenua\u00e7\u00e3o inclui revestimentos robustos, conce\u00e7\u00e3o de pormenores atenta \u00e0 fadiga, conce\u00e7\u00e3o correta da crava\u00e7\u00e3o e da funda\u00e7\u00e3o e medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o em locais expostos a ve\u00edculos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A properly specified steel power pole is a purpose-built structural element engineered to meet defined wind, ice, electrical and mechanical loads while delivering long service life through appropriate material selection, fabrication, protective coating, foundation design and quality control. The core requirements combine structural design criteria from civil and electrical standards, ASTM-grade steel and welds, controlled [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1699,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - 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